a ze@sLdZddlZddlZddlmZGdddejZddZedkrHedS) u@\This module tests SyntaxErrors. Here's an example of the sort of thing that is tested. >>> def f(x): ... global x Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: name 'x' is parameter and global The tests are all raise SyntaxErrors. They were created by checking each C call that raises SyntaxError. There are several modules that raise these exceptions-- ast.c, compile.c, future.c, pythonrun.c, and symtable.c. The parser itself outlaws a lot of invalid syntax. None of these errors are tested here at the moment. We should add some tests; since there are infinitely many programs with invalid syntax, we would need to be judicious in selecting some. The compiler generates a synthetic module name for code executed by doctest. Since all the code comes from the same module, a suffix like [1] is appended to the module name, As a consequence, changing the order of tests in this module means renumbering all the errors after it. (Maybe we should enable the ellipsis option for these tests.) In ast.c, syntax errors are raised by calling ast_error(). Errors from set_context(): >>> obj.None = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> None = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to None >>> obj.True = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> True = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to True >>> (True := 1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot use assignment expressions with True >>> obj.__debug__ = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> __debug__ = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> (__debug__ := 1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> f() = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> del f() Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot delete function call >>> a + 1 = 2 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to operator >>> (x for x in x) = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to generator expression >>> 1 = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal >>> "abc" = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal >>> b"" = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal >>> ... = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to Ellipsis >>> `1` = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax If the left-hand side of an assignment is a list or tuple, an illegal expression inside that contain should still cause a syntax error. This test just checks a couple of cases rather than enumerating all of them. >>> (a, "b", c) = (1, 2, 3) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to literal >>> (a, True, c) = (1, 2, 3) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to True >>> (a, __debug__, c) = (1, 2, 3) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> (a, *True, c) = (1, 2, 3) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to True >>> (a, *__debug__, c) = (1, 2, 3) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> [a, b, c + 1] = [1, 2, 3] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to operator >>> [a, b[1], c + 1] = [1, 2, 3] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to operator >>> [a, b.c.d, c + 1] = [1, 2, 3] Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to operator >>> a if 1 else b = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to conditional expression >>> True = True = 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to True >>> x = y = True = z = 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to True >>> x = y = yield = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: assignment to yield expression not possible >>> a, b += 1, 2 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'tuple' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment >>> (a, b) += 1, 2 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'tuple' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment >>> [a, b] += 1, 2 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'list' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment Invalid targets in `for` loops and `with` statements should also produce a specialized error message >>> for a() in b: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> for (a, b()) in b: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> for [a, b()] in b: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> for (*a, b, c+1) in b: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to operator >>> for (x, *(y, z.d())) in b: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> for a, b() in c: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> for i < (): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> for a, b Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> with a as b(): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> with a as (b, c()): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> with a as [b, c()]: pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> with a as (*b, c, d+1): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to operator >>> with a as (x, *(y, z.d())): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> with a as b, c as d(): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> with a as b Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> p = p = Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax From compiler_complex_args(): >>> def f(None=1): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax From ast_for_arguments(): >>> def f(x, y=1, z): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: non-default argument follows default argument >>> def f(x, None): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> def f(*None): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> def f(**None): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> import ast; ast.parse(''' ... def f( ... *, # type: int ... a, # type: int ... ): ... pass ... ''', type_comments=True) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: bare * has associated type comment From ast_for_funcdef(): >>> def None(x): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax From ast_for_call(): >>> def f(it, *varargs, **kwargs): ... return list(it) >>> L = range(10) >>> f(x for x in L) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> f(x for x in L, 1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f(x for x in L, y=1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f(x for x in L, *[]) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f(x for x in L, **{}) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f(L, x for x in L) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f(x for x in L, y for y in L) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f(x for x in L,) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: Generator expression must be parenthesized >>> f((x for x in L), 1) [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9] >>> class C(x for x in L): ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> def g(*args, **kwargs): ... print(args, sorted(kwargs.items())) >>> g(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, ... 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, ... 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, ... 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, ... 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, ... 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, ... 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, ... 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, ... 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, ... 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, ... 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, ... 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, ... 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, ... 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, ... 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, ... 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, ... 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, ... 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, ... 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, ... 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ..., 297, 298, 299) [] >>> g(a000=0, a001=1, a002=2, a003=3, a004=4, a005=5, a006=6, a007=7, a008=8, ... a009=9, a010=10, a011=11, a012=12, a013=13, a014=14, a015=15, a016=16, ... a017=17, a018=18, a019=19, a020=20, a021=21, a022=22, a023=23, a024=24, ... a025=25, a026=26, a027=27, a028=28, a029=29, a030=30, a031=31, a032=32, ... a033=33, a034=34, a035=35, a036=36, a037=37, a038=38, a039=39, a040=40, ... a041=41, a042=42, a043=43, a044=44, a045=45, a046=46, a047=47, a048=48, ... a049=49, a050=50, a051=51, a052=52, a053=53, a054=54, a055=55, a056=56, ... a057=57, a058=58, a059=59, a060=60, a061=61, a062=62, a063=63, a064=64, ... a065=65, a066=66, a067=67, a068=68, a069=69, a070=70, a071=71, a072=72, ... a073=73, a074=74, a075=75, a076=76, a077=77, a078=78, a079=79, a080=80, ... a081=81, a082=82, a083=83, a084=84, a085=85, a086=86, a087=87, a088=88, ... a089=89, a090=90, a091=91, a092=92, a093=93, a094=94, a095=95, a096=96, ... a097=97, a098=98, a099=99, a100=100, a101=101, a102=102, a103=103, ... a104=104, a105=105, a106=106, a107=107, a108=108, a109=109, a110=110, ... a111=111, a112=112, a113=113, a114=114, a115=115, a116=116, a117=117, ... a118=118, a119=119, a120=120, a121=121, a122=122, a123=123, a124=124, ... a125=125, a126=126, a127=127, a128=128, a129=129, a130=130, a131=131, ... a132=132, a133=133, a134=134, a135=135, a136=136, a137=137, a138=138, ... a139=139, a140=140, a141=141, a142=142, a143=143, a144=144, a145=145, ... a146=146, a147=147, a148=148, a149=149, a150=150, a151=151, a152=152, ... a153=153, a154=154, a155=155, a156=156, a157=157, a158=158, a159=159, ... a160=160, a161=161, a162=162, a163=163, a164=164, a165=165, a166=166, ... a167=167, a168=168, a169=169, a170=170, a171=171, a172=172, a173=173, ... a174=174, a175=175, a176=176, a177=177, a178=178, a179=179, a180=180, ... a181=181, a182=182, a183=183, a184=184, a185=185, a186=186, a187=187, ... a188=188, a189=189, a190=190, a191=191, a192=192, a193=193, a194=194, ... a195=195, a196=196, a197=197, a198=198, a199=199, a200=200, a201=201, ... a202=202, a203=203, a204=204, a205=205, a206=206, a207=207, a208=208, ... a209=209, a210=210, a211=211, a212=212, a213=213, a214=214, a215=215, ... a216=216, a217=217, a218=218, a219=219, a220=220, a221=221, a222=222, ... a223=223, a224=224, a225=225, a226=226, a227=227, a228=228, a229=229, ... a230=230, a231=231, a232=232, a233=233, a234=234, a235=235, a236=236, ... a237=237, a238=238, a239=239, a240=240, a241=241, a242=242, a243=243, ... a244=244, a245=245, a246=246, a247=247, a248=248, a249=249, a250=250, ... a251=251, a252=252, a253=253, a254=254, a255=255, a256=256, a257=257, ... a258=258, a259=259, a260=260, a261=261, a262=262, a263=263, a264=264, ... a265=265, a266=266, a267=267, a268=268, a269=269, a270=270, a271=271, ... a272=272, a273=273, a274=274, a275=275, a276=276, a277=277, a278=278, ... a279=279, a280=280, a281=281, a282=282, a283=283, a284=284, a285=285, ... a286=286, a287=287, a288=288, a289=289, a290=290, a291=291, a292=292, ... a293=293, a294=294, a295=295, a296=296, a297=297, a298=298, a299=299) ... # doctest: +ELLIPSIS () [('a000', 0), ('a001', 1), ('a002', 2), ..., ('a298', 298), ('a299', 299)] >>> class C: ... def meth(self, *args): ... return args >>> obj = C() >>> obj.meth( ... 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, ... 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, ... 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, ... 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, ... 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, ... 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, ... 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, ... 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, ... 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, ... 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, ... 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, ... 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, ... 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, ... 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, ... 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, ... 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, ... 248, 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, ... 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, ... 276, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, ... 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, ..., 297, 298, 299) >>> f(lambda x: x[0] = 3) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="? # Check that this error doesn't trigger for names: >>> f(a={x: for x in {}}) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax The grammar accepts any test (basically, any expression) in the keyword slot of a call site. Test a few different options. >>> f(x()=2) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="? >>> f(a or b=1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="? >>> f(x.y=1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="? >>> f((x)=2) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: expression cannot contain assignment, perhaps you meant "=="? >>> f(__debug__=1) Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> __debug__: int Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ More set_context(): >>> (x for x in x) += 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'generator expression' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment >>> None += 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'None' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment >>> __debug__ += 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> f() += 1 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: 'function call' is an illegal expression for augmented assignment Test continue in finally in weird combinations. continue in for loop under finally should be ok. >>> def test(): ... try: ... pass ... finally: ... for abc in range(10): ... continue ... print(abc) >>> test() 9 continue in a finally should be ok. >>> def test(): ... for abc in range(10): ... try: ... pass ... finally: ... continue ... print(abc) >>> test() 9 >>> def test(): ... for abc in range(10): ... try: ... pass ... finally: ... try: ... continue ... except: ... pass ... print(abc) >>> test() 9 >>> def test(): ... for abc in range(10): ... try: ... pass ... finally: ... try: ... pass ... except: ... continue ... print(abc) >>> test() 9 A continue outside loop should not be allowed. >>> def foo(): ... try: ... pass ... finally: ... continue Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: 'continue' not properly in loop There is one test for a break that is not in a loop. The compiler uses a single data structure to keep track of try-finally and loops, so we need to be sure that a break is actually inside a loop. If it isn't, there should be a syntax error. >>> try: ... print(1) ... break ... print(2) ... finally: ... print(3) Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: 'break' outside loop Misuse of the nonlocal and global statement can lead to a few unique syntax errors. >>> def f(): ... print(x) ... global x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is used prior to global declaration >>> def f(): ... x = 1 ... global x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is assigned to before global declaration >>> def f(x): ... global x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is parameter and global >>> def f(): ... x = 1 ... def g(): ... print(x) ... nonlocal x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is used prior to nonlocal declaration >>> def f(): ... x = 1 ... def g(): ... x = 2 ... nonlocal x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is assigned to before nonlocal declaration >>> def f(x): ... nonlocal x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is parameter and nonlocal >>> def f(): ... global x ... nonlocal x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: name 'x' is nonlocal and global >>> def f(): ... nonlocal x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: no binding for nonlocal 'x' found From SF bug #1705365 >>> nonlocal x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: nonlocal declaration not allowed at module level From https://bugs.python.org/issue25973 >>> class A: ... def f(self): ... nonlocal __x Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: no binding for nonlocal '_A__x' found This tests assignment-context; there was a bug in Python 2.5 where compiling a complex 'if' (one with 'elif') would fail to notice an invalid suite, leading to spurious errors. >>> if 1: ... x() = 1 ... elif 1: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> if 1: ... pass ... elif 1: ... x() = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> if 1: ... x() = 1 ... elif 1: ... pass ... else: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> if 1: ... pass ... elif 1: ... x() = 1 ... else: ... pass Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call >>> if 1: ... pass ... elif 1: ... pass ... else: ... x() = 1 Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: cannot assign to function call Make sure that the old "raise X, Y[, Z]" form is gone: >>> raise X, Y Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> raise X, Y, Z Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> f(a=23, a=234) Traceback (most recent call last): ... SyntaxError: keyword argument repeated: a >>> {1, 2, 3} = 42 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to set display >>> {1: 2, 3: 4} = 42 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to dict display >>> f'{x}' = 42 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to f-string expression >>> f'{x}-{y}' = 42 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to f-string expression >>> from t import x, Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: trailing comma not allowed without surrounding parentheses >>> from t import x,y, Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: trailing comma not allowed without surrounding parentheses # Check that we dont raise the "trailing comma" error if there is more # input to the left of the valid part that we parsed. >>> from t import x,y, and 3 Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid syntax >>> (): int Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: only single target (not tuple) can be annotated >>> []: int Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: only single target (not list) can be annotated >>> (()): int Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: only single target (not tuple) can be annotated >>> ([]): int Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: only single target (not list) can be annotated Corner-cases that used to fail to raise the correct error: >>> def f(*, x=lambda __debug__:0): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> def f(*args:(lambda __debug__:0)): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> def f(**kwargs:(lambda __debug__:0)): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> with (lambda *:0): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: named arguments must follow bare * Corner-cases that used to crash: >>> def f(**__debug__): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> def f(*xx, __debug__): pass Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: cannot assign to __debug__ >>> import ä £ Traceback (most recent call last): SyntaxError: invalid character '£' (U+00A3) N)supportc@seZdZd2ddZddZdd Zee d d d Z d dZ ddZ ddZ ddZddZddZ ddZddZddZddZd d!Zd"d#Zd$d%Zd&d'Zejd(d)Zd*d+Zd,d-Zd.d/Zejd0d1ZdS)3SyntaxTestCase execNc Cszt|||Wnty}z|r>t||s>|d|jt|t|} | durf|d|f||j ||dur||j ||dur||j |WYd}~nd}~00|ddS)aCheck that compiling code raises SyntaxError with errtext. errtest is a regular expression that must be present in the test of the exception raised. 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